Automation Using QTP - Questions & Answers

                                                            Part 1

1. Why do we need Automation?

Automation used when:

To speed up the testing process

To reduce the human errors

To Maintain the Test to reuse

2. What are the advantages of QTP when compared with other functional automation tools?

QTP is an Advanced Keyword Driven Testing.

The Action Parameters allow you to generalize the testing actions for greater reusability

It supports ERP/CRM, .NET, Web Services and Multimedia

It contains an Active Screen which gives the snapshot of the application

It supports the languages such as European, Japanese, Chinese, and Korean

3. What are the limitations of QTP?

QTP does not support Flash

4. Does QuickTest have any debugging capabilities?

Yes

5. What are the environments supported by QTP?

Windows Applications (MFC) • Visual Basic • Java • ActiveX	Enterprise Applications • SAP • Oracle • PeopleSoft • Siebel	Web Technologies HTML • DHTML • JavaScript
Browsers IE • Netscape • AOL	Emerging Technologies • .Net Win forms, Web forms, Web services • J2EE Web services • XML, WSDL, UDDI	Terminal Emulators • 3270 • 5250 • VT100
Server Technologies • Oracle • Microsoft • IBM • BEA • ODBC • COM/COM+	Multimedia • RealAudio/Real Video • Windows Media Player • Flash	Languages • European • Japanese • Chinese (traditional and simplified) • Korean

 

6. Explain Testing Life Cycle

Identify the objects to the Object Repository

Identify the Reusable Actions

Identify the Functions

Author the Script for the testing

Enhance the Script based on the Requirements

Debug the Test

Run the Test

Analyze the Results

Report the Defects

7. What are the different types of recording?

There are three types of recording in Quick Test

            Standard Recording

            Analog Recording

            Low-Level Recording

8. Differences between analog and low-level recordings?

Analog Recording

            Records the Exact mouse movements and the keyboard operations

            Records with respect to Screen and Window

            Generates a single statement called a Track in the test script

            We cannot edit the steps in the Analog recording

Low-Level Recording

            Records all the Run time object as Win Object

            Records on any object whether QTP identifies or not

           

9. How to record on non standard menus?

Record using Analog mode and Low-Level mode

10. How can I record on objects or environments not supported by QuickTest?

By creating Virtual Object and Perform Analog recording on those objects

11. What is the Syntax for an Exist sync statement?

Object. Exist (Timeout)

            Example:

If Browser ("Mercury Tours").Exist Then
 MsgBox "The browser exists."
End If

12. What is the diff between Wait () and Exist ()?

You can enter Exist and/or Wait statements to instruct QuickTest to wait for a window to open or an object to appear. Exist statements return a Boolean value indicating whether or not an object currently exists. Wait statements instruct QuickTest to wait a specified amount of time before proceeding to the next step. You can combine these statements within a loop to instruct QuickTest to wait until the object exists before continuing with the test or component.

13. Why do you need synchronization and explain how global synchronization is implemented?

When you run a test or component, your application may not always respond with the same speed. For example, it might take a few seconds:

·         for a progress bar to reach 100%

·         for a status message to appear

·         for a button to become enabled

·         for a window or pop-up message to open

14. What are the different types of views available in QTP?

Keyword View

Expert View

15. What are mandatory properties?

Mandatory provides unique identification of the objects. The default properties are also called as the Mandatory properties. For example the default properties for the Web Image Object are alt, html tag and image type

16. Why do we use ‘SPY’?

SPY is used to view the Properties and the Methods of the Object in the application

17. How to change the logical name of a Test Object?

The Logical name is the name of the object that QTP identified in the application.

Right click on the Object name and select “Rename” to rename the logical name of the object

18. How many ways you can add object in repository?

Use the Add Objects option in the Object Repository dialog box. You can add any object as a single object or a parent object, along with all its children.

Choose the View/Add Object option from the Active Screen.

Insert a step in your test or component for a selected object from the Active Screen.

19. What is the use of active screen at least 3 uses?

Active screen is used to show the snapshot of the application

To insert the Check Points we can use the Active screen

To view the Source

To add the objects to the object repository

20. Can I store functions and subroutines in a function library

Yes

21. How we make actions reusable?

After creating the test action, in the Keyword view right click on the respective action and select Action Properties, Check the “Reusable Action”

22. What are the different files available in QTP and their use?

Object Repository File – To store the Objects in the application

Recovery Scenario File – To store the Collection of the Recovery Scenarios

Library File

VBS File

23. What is Smart identification?

Smart Identification is used when there is an Ambiguity between the two objects

When two objects in an application contains same properties then identifying the objects is very difficult, at these conditions Quick test identifies the object by enabling the smart identification

24. What is correlation?

The process in which the output value of a variable is used as an input to the another variable

25. What is recovery scenario? Do we use this in real time?

Unexpected events, errors, and application crashes during a run session can disrupt your run session and distort results. This is a problem particularly when running tests or components unattended—the test or component is suspended until you perform the operation needed to recover.

26. How to use Environment variable
27. What is the extension on recovery scenario file?

< .qrs >

28. Which method is used to call a function which is in the VBS file?
29. How many ways can we provide input to an action?

Three Ways we can provide input to an action

1.     Data table

2.     Environmental Variable

30. How to execute VB function?

Call Function<Function Name>

31. How many types of Check points are there in QTP?

Standard Checkpoint

Text Checkpoint

Text Area Checkpoint

Bitmap Checkpoint

Database Checkpoint

Accessibility Checkpoint

XML Checkpoint (Web Frame)

XML Checkpoint (File)

32. What is descriptive programming?

You can also instruct QuickTest to perform methods on objects without referring to the Object Repository, without referring to the object’s logical name. To do this, you provide QuickTest with a list of properties and values that QuickTest can use to identify the object or objects on which you want to perform a method. This is called as descriptive programming.

33. How to send messages to test the result?

Reporter. report event is used to send the messages to the test results

34. How does QuickTest capture user processes in Web pages?
35. How can I record and run tests on objects that change dynamically from viewing

To viewing?    

            Sometimes the content of objects in a Web page or application changes due to dynamic content. You can create dynamic descriptions of these objects so that QuickTest will recognize them when it runs the test

36. How can I check that a child window exists (or does not exist)?

Sometimes a link in one window creates another window. You can use the Exist method to check whether or not a window exists. For example:

Browser ("Window_logical_name").Exist

You can also use the Child Objects method to retrieve all child objects (or the subset of child objects that match a certain description) on the Desktop or within any other parent object.

37. How does QuickTest record on dynamically generated URLs and Web pages?

QuickTest actually clicks on links as they are displayed on the page. Therefore, QuickTest records how to find a particular object, such as a link on the page, rather than the object itself. For example, if the link to a dynamically generated URL is an image, then QuickTest records the "IMG" HTML tag, and the name of the image. This enables QuickTest to find this image in the future and click on it.

38. How does QuickTest handle cookies?

Server side connections, such as CGI scripts, can use cookies both to store and retrieve information on the client side of the connection. QuickTest stores cookies in the memory for each user, and the browser handles them as it normally would.

39. Where can I find a web page's cookie?

40. Is text area check point supported by web application?

41. What is the difference between image check point and Bitmap check point?

Image checkpoints enable you to check the properties of a Web image. In the Image Checkpoint Properties dialog box, you can specify which properties of the image to check and edit the values of those properties. This dialog box is similar to the standard Checkpoint Properties dialog box, except that it contains the Compare image content option. This option enables you to compare the expected image source file with the actual image source file.

Bitmap Checkpoint checks an area of your Web page or application as a bitmap. For example, suppose you have a Web site that can display a map of a city the user specifies. The map has control keys for zooming. You can record the new map that is displayed after one click on the control key that zooms in the map. Using the bitmap checkpoint, you can check that the map zooms in correctly.

42. How do I maintain my test when my application changes?

The way to maintain a test when your application changes depend on how much your application changes. This is one of the main reasons you should create a small group of tests rather than one large test for your entire application. When your application changes, you can rerecord part of a test. If the change is not significant, you can manually edit a test to update it. 

                                               Part 2

What are the Run modes in QTP ?
 

 There are 2 run modes in QTP
* Normal : It shows the execution of your QTP script step by step. This works good in case of debugging your script.
* Fast Run : It will not show the execution line by line.

What are the Debugging modes used in QTP ?

Different Debugging modes used in QTP are
* Step Into : To run only the current line of the active test or component.
* Step Out : Runs to the end of the called action or user-defined function, then returns to the calling action and pauses the run session.
* Step Over : to run only the current step in the active test or component. When the current step calls another action or a user-defined function,the called action or function is executed entirety, but the called action script is not displayed in the QuickTest window.

What are the draw backs of QTP ?

Disadvantages are
* QTP takes very long to open huge tests. Also CPU utilization becomes 100% in that case.
* QTP scripts are heavy as it stores all the html files (for active screen) as well.
* Block commenting is not provided till 8.2 version.

What are the extension of file..........

* Per test object repository : filename.mtr (Mercury Test Repository)
* Shared Oject repository : filename.tsr (Test Shared Repository)
* User Defined Libary File : filename .vbs
* Test Batch Runner File : filename .mtb
* QTP Recovery Scenarion File : filename .qrs

* QTP Test Scripts File: filename.mts

What are two types of automation in QTP ?

There are 2 types of automation
* Recording or generating the script and playing back using Repository
* Another one is Descriptive method.

Can we do more than capture / payback in QTP ?

Yes we can do. That is scripting we can write script which is more effective

What is Descriptive programming ?

With out mentioning the description in Object repository, we can directly mention the description in Test script is known as descriptive programming

What is Object repository ?

Object repository in qtp is like a storage place where it stores the properties of all the objects when we reocrd the script and later when we execute the script QTP checks that the objects in the application match the objects in the object repository and executes it, if both the objects matches the test will pass, if it cannot identify the object or there is a mismatch the script will fail.

Object repository is same as GUI map in winrunner where we have to make the tool capture the properties of object where as in QTP object repository automatically does that for us.

What are types of Object repository (OR)?

OR are of two types
* Per-action
* Shared

Tell about Per-action repository modes

In this, for each action a seperate object repository file is created. So object1 in Action1 is different from the same object1 in Action2
This mode is most useful, when the object does not change frequently and a few actions are associated with the test. If the object changes in the application, then we need to change each of the object repositor.

Tell about Shared object repository modes

In this, common object repository file can be used for muliple actions and multile tests. So Object1 is action1 is same for Action2, because all the objects are saved at one place. Here if the object changes, then we need to update a single object repository file.

What are the Advantage & Disadvantge Per-action repository ?

Advantage

* As you record operations on objects in your application, QuickTest automatically stores the information about those objects in the appropriate action object repository.
* When you save your test, all of the action object repositories are automatically saved with the test as part of each action within the test. The action object repository is not accessible as a separate file (as is the shared object repository).

Disadvantages

* Modifying the test object properties, values, or names in one object repository does not affect the information stored for the same test object in another object repository or in other tests - Time Consuming
* If you add objects to one of the split actions, the new objects are added only to the corresponding action object repository.

What are the Advantage & Disadvantge Shared object repository ?

Advantage

* Only one instance of the object in the repository so reduce the repetitions
* one time change to the object properties would bring change in every script using the object

Disadvantge

* Complexity increase as objects of all the action are in the same repository

What is Check points ?

A checkpoint verifies that expected information is displayed in an Application while the test is running. Checkpoints are used to compare actual and expected results.

How many Check points are there in QTP ?

They are 4 types of checkpoints

* GUI Check point
* Bitmap Checkpoint
* Database Checkpoint
* Test Checkpoint

What is the use of Check points ?

The Check points is useful to get the point in time from where to begin the recovery in case of failure.

Can we change the name of the Check points ?

No, QTP is do not allow to change the name of Check point, because these class names are internally built. But in version 9 (just released) it is possible to cahange not in previous versions

What is Transaction ?

A Transaction is a logical unit of work that comprises one or more SQL statements executed by a single user. or It is a group of statements between two commits

What is use of Step Generator ?

Step Generator is used to insert a statement(function ro method) of a particular object which is available in the Object Repository

What is Source Control ?

The practice of tracking changes made to code is called Source Control.
Familiar Source control Tools are CVS, VSS, ClearCase etc

What is Batch testing ?

Group of tests executing sequentially one by one is called Batch Testing. Every test Batch consists of mutiple dependent test cases. In those batches every end state is base state to next case. Test batch is also known as Test suit or Test belt.

Generally Test engineers are executing test programs as a batches because "End state of one test is base state to another test".
The result of one Script failure or pass , fails or passes the whole batch test.

What will you when Object is not indentifed by the Obect Repository ?

Use Smart identifcation.

What is Smart identifcation ?

Smart Identification is used by QTP, whenever it is unable to identify any object during run time. While identifying an object, QTP tries to match the mandatory properties first, if it couldn't find the object, then it adds assistive properties one by one to identify the object correctly. This operation is done by smart identifier and it is displayed in the results section along with one warning message. It's generally used to identify Web elements only.

What is Envoirement variable ?

Envoirement variable is variable which is global through the testing.

What is the typesof Envoirement variable ?

There are 3 types of environmental variables
* User-Defined Internal
* User-Defined External
* Built-In

What are Exception in QTP ?

The four exceptions are
* Pop exception
* Object state
* Test run error
* Application crash

Can We use Test Director with QTP ?

Yes. We cant use Test Director 7.2 with QTP 8.2. Because QTP 8.2 supports QC (Quality Center)
We can use QTP 8.2 with Test director 8.0.

What are Action ?

There are 3 types of Actions available in QTP.
* Non-reusable
* Reusable
* External Actions

What is Framework ?

A framework is nothing but a folder structure . It contains all the components that are using in Automation Architecture. Here components means Object Repository, Library,Logs, Test Data, Script, Result etc

What is Compiled modules ?

In qtp the compiled modules are called library files .

What is Automation Framework ?

Automation frame work is nothing but a set of rules defined for developping and organising the test scripts or
It is a process to develop the automation scripts and reduce maintenance. This framework completely depends on the application, types of testing and tools that you are using. Its hard to provide generalised framework for all applications:

In how many ways we can Parameterize our test ?

we can parameterize our tests in 4 ways.
* Test or component parameter
* Data Table parameter
* Environmental variable parameter
* Random number parameter

What are tyes of Table ?

Types of tables are
* run time data table
* design time data table

What’s the QTP?


QTP is Mercury Interactive Functional Testing Tool.
What’s the basic concept of QTP?


QTP is based on two concept-

• Recording
• Playback

Which scripting language used by QTP?
QTP using VB scripting.

How many types of recording facility are available in QTP?
QTP provides three types of recording methods-

• Context Recording (Normal)
• Analog Recording
• Low Level Recording

How many types of Parameters are available in QTP?
QTP provides three types of Parameter-

• Method Argument
• Data Driven
• Dynamic

What’s the QTP testing process?
QTP testing process consist of seven steps-

·         Preparing to recoding

·         Recording

·         Enhancing your script

·         Debugging

·         Run

·         Analyze

·         Report Defects 

What’s the Active Screen?

It provides the snapshots of your application as it appeared when you performed a certain steps during recording session.

What’s the Test Pane?
Test Pane contains Tree View and Expert View tabs.

What’s Data Table?
It assists to you about parameterizing the test.

What’s the Test Tree?
It provides graphical representation of your operations which you have performed with your application.

Which all environment QTP supports?

ERP/ CRM
Java/ J2EE
VB, .NET
Multimedia, XML
Web Objects, ActiveX controls
SAP, Oracle, Siebel, PeopleSoft
Web Services, Terminal Emulator
IE, NN, AOL
 
How can you view the Test Tree?
 The Test Tree is displayed through Tree View tab.

What’s the Expert View?

Expert View display the Test Script.

Which keyword used for Nornam Recording?
F3

Which keyword used for run the test script?
F5

Which keyword used for stop the recording?
F4

Which keyword used for Analog Recording?
Ctrl+Shift+F4

Which keyword used for Low Level Recording?
Ctrl+Shift+F3

Which keyword used for switch between Tree View and Expert View?
Ctrl+Tab
Note:
> QTP records each steps you perform and generates a test tree and test script.
> QTP records in normal recording mode.
> If you are creating a test on web object, you can record your test on one browser and run it on another browser.
> Analog Recording and Low Level Recording require more disk sapce than normal recording mode.

What’s the Transaction?
You can measure how long it takes to run a section of your test by defining transactions
.
Where you can view the results of the checkpoint?

You can view the results of the checkpoints in the Test Result Window.
Note:
If you want to retrieve the return value of a checkpoint (a boolean value that indicates whether the checkpoint passed or failed) you must add parentheses around the checkpoint argument in the statement in the Expert View.

What’s the Standard Checkpoint?
 Standard Checkpoints checks the property value of an object in your application or web page.
 Which environment are supported by Standard Checkpoint?
Standard Checkpoint are supported for all add-in environments.

What’s the Image Checkpoint?
Image Checkpoint check the value of an image in your application or web page.

Which environments are supported by Image Checkpoint?
Image Checkpoint are supported only Web environment.

What’s the Bitmap Checkpoint?
Bitmap Checkpoint checks the bitmap images in your web page or application.

Which enviornment are supported by Bitmap Checkpoints?
Bitmap checkpoints are supported all add-in environment.

What’s the Table Checkpoints?
Table Checkpoint checks the information with in a table.

Which environments are supported by Table Checkpoint?
Table Checkpoints are supported only ActiveX environment.

What’s the Text Checkpoint?
Text Checkpoint checks that a test string is displayed in the appropriate place in your application or on web page.

                                      Part 3

     

    What are the Features & Benefits of Quick Test Pro ?

      Operates stand-alone, or integrated into Mercury Business Process Testing and Mercury Quality Center. Introduces next-generation zero-configuration Keyword Driven testing technology in Quick Test Professional 8.0 allowing for fast test creation, easier maintenance, and more powerful data-driving capability. Identifies objects with Unique Smart Object Recognition, even if they change from build to build, enabling reliable unattended script execution. Collapses test documentation and test creation to a single step with Auto-documentation technology. Enables thorough validation of applications through a full complement of checkpoints. 2.

   How to handle the exceptions using recovery scenario manager in QTP? -

     

                There are 4 trigger events during which a recovery scenario should be activated. A pop up window appears in an opened application during the test run: A property of an object changes its state or value, A step in the test does not run successfully, An open application fails during the test run, These triggers are considered as exceptions. You can instruct QTP to recover unexpected events or errors that occurred in your testing environment during test run. Recovery scenario manager provides a wizard that guides you through the defining recovery scenario. Recovery scenario has three steps: 1. Triggered Events 2. Recovery steps 3. Post Recovery Test-Run

    What is the use of Text output value in QTP? -   

                 Output values enable to view the values that the application talks during run time. When parameterized, the values change for each iteration. Thus by creating output values, we can capture the values that the application takes for each run and output them to the data table.

    How to use the Object spy in QTP 8.0 version? -     

                    There are two ways to Spy the objects in QTP: 1) Thru file toolbar, In the File Toolbar click on the last toolbar button (an icon showing a person with hat). 2) True Object repository Dialog, In Object repository dialog click on the button object spy. In the Object spy Dialog click on the button showing hand symbol. The pointer now changes in to a hand symbol and we have to point out the object to spy the state of the object if at all the object is not visible. or window is minimized then, hold the Ctrl button and activate the required window to and release the Ctrl button.

    How Does Run time data (Parameterization) is handled in QTP? - 

You can then enter test data into the Data Table, an integrated spreadsheet with the full functionality of Excel, to manipulate data sets and create multiple test iterations, without programming, to expand test case coverage. Data can be typed in or imported from databases, spreadsheets, or text files.

    What is keyword view and Expert view in QTP? –

 Quick Test’s Keyword Driven approach, test automation experts have full access to the underlying test and object properties, via an integrated scripting and debugging environment that is round-trip synchronized with the Keyword View. Advanced testers can view and edit their tests in the Expert View, which reveals the underlying industry-standard VBScript that Quick Test Professional automatically generates. Any changes made in the Expert View are automatically synchronized with the Keyword View.

    Explain about the Test Fusion Report of QTP? –

 Once a tester has run a test, a Test Fusion report displays all aspects of the test run: a high-level results overview, an expandable Tree View of the test specifying exactly where application failures occurred, the test data used, application screen shots for every step that highlight any discrepancies, and detailed explanations of each checkpoint pass and failure. By combining Test Fusion reports with Quick Test Professional, you can share reports across an entire QA and development team.

    Which environments does QTP support? –

 

Quick Test Professional supports functional testing of all enterprise environments, including Windows, Web,..NET, Java/J2EE, SAP, Siebel, Oracle, PeopleSoft, Visual Basic, ActiveX, mainframe terminal emulators, and Web services.

    What is QTP? – 

Quick Test is a graphical interface record-playback automation tool. It is able to work with any web, java or windows client application. Quick Test enables you to test standard web objects and ActiveX controls. In addition to these environments, Quick Test Professional also enables you to test Java applets and applications and multimedia objects on Applications as well as standard Windows applications, Visual Basic 6 applications and.NET framework applications

    Explain QTP Testing process? –

 Quick Test testing process consists of 6 main phases: Create your test plan - Prior to automating there should be a detailed description of the test including the exact steps to follow, data to be input, and all items to be verified by the test. The verification information should include both data validations and existence or state verifications of objects in the application. Recording a session on your application - As you navigate through your application, Quick Test graphically displays each step you perform in the form of a collapsible icon-based test tree. A step is any user action that causes or makes a change in your site, such as clicking a link or image, or entering data in a form. Enhancing your test - Inserting checkpoints into your test lets you search for a specific value of a page, object or text string, which helps you identify whether or not your application is functioning correctly. NOTE: Checkpoints can be added to a test as you record it or after the fact via the Active Screen. It is much easier and faster to add the checkpoints during the recording process. Broadening the scope of your test by replacing fixed values with parameters lets you check how your application performs the same operations with multiple sets of data. Adding logic and conditional statements to your test enables you to add sophisticated checks to your test. Debugging your test - If changes were made to the script, you need to debug it to check that it operates smoothly and without interruption. Running your test on a new version of your application - You run a test to check the behavior of your application. While running, Quick Test connects to your application and performs each step in your test. Analyzing the test results - You examine the test results to pinpoint defects in your application. Reporting defects - As you encounter failures in the application when analyzing test results, you will create defect reports in Defect Reporting Tool.

    Explain the QTP Tool interface. – 

It contains the following key elements: Title bar, displaying the name of the currently open test, Menu bar, displaying menus of Quick Test commands, File toolbar, containing buttons to assist you in managing tests, Test toolbar, containing buttons used while creating and maintaining tests, Debug toolbar, containing buttons used while debugging tests. Note: The Debug toolbar is not displayed when you open Quick Test for the first time. You can display the Debug toolbar by choosing View — Toolbars — Debug. Action toolbar, containing buttons and a list of actions, enabling you to view the details of an individual action or the entire test flow. Note: The Action toolbar is not displayed when you open Quick Test for the first time. You can display the Action toolbar by choosing View — Toolbars — Action. If you insert a reusable or external action in a test, the Action toolbar is displayed automatically. Test pane, containing two tabs to view your test-the Tree View and the Expert View, Test Details pane, containing the Active Screen. Data Table, containing two tabs, Global and Action, to assist you in parameterizing your test. Debug Viewer pane, containing three tabs to assist you in debugging your test-Watch Expressions, Variables, and Command. (The Debug Viewer pane can be opened only when a test run pauses at a breakpoint.) Status bar, displaying the status of the test

    How does QTP recognize Objects in AUT? –

 Quick Test stores the definitions for application objects in a file called the Object Repository. As you record your test, Quick Test will add an entry for each item you interact with. Each Object Repository entry will be identified by a logical name (determined automatically by Quick Test), and will contain a set of properties (type, name, etc) that uniquely identify each object. Each line in the Quick Test script will contain a reference to the object that you interacted with, a call to the appropriate method (set, click, check) and any parameters for that method (such as the value for a call to the set method). The references to objects in the script will all be identified by the logical name, rather than any physical, descriptive properties.

    What are the types of Object Repositories in QTP? – 

Quick Test has two types of object repositories for storing object information: shared object repositories and action object repositories. You can choose which type of object repository you want to use as the default type for new tests, and you can change the default as necessary for each new test. The object repository per-action mode is the default setting. In this mode, Quick Test automatically creates an object repository file for each action in your test so that you can create and run tests without creating, choosing, or modifying object repository files. However, if you do modify values in an action object repository, your changes do not have any effect on other actions. Therefore, if the same test object exists in more than one action and you modify an object’s property values in one action, you may need to make the same change in every action (and any test) containing the object.

    Explain the check points in QTP? –

 A checkpoint verifies that expected information is displayed in an Application while the test is running. You can add eight types of checkpoints to your test for standard web objects using QTP. A page checkpoint checks the characteristics of an Application. A text checkpoint checks that a text string is displayed in the appropriate place on an Application. An object checkpoint (Standard) checks the values of an object on an Application. An image checkpoint checks the values of an image on an Application. A table checkpoint checks information within a table on a Application. An Accessibility checkpoint checks the web page for Section 508 compliance. An XML checkpoint checks the contents of individual XML data files or XML documents that are part of your Web application. A database checkpoint checks the contents of databases accessed by your web site

    In how many ways we can add check points to an application using QTP? - We can add checkpoints while recording the application or we can add after recording is completed using Active screen (Note : To perform the second one The Active screen must be enabled while recording).

    How does QTP identify objects in the application? – 

QTP identifies the object in the application by Logical Name and Class.

    What is Parameterizing Tests? –

 

When you test your application, you may want to check how it performs the same operations with multiple sets of data. For example, suppose you want to check how your application responds to ten separate sets of data. You could record ten separate tests, each with its own set of data. Alternatively, you can create a parameterized test that runs ten times: each time the test runs, it uses a different set of data.

    What is test object model in QTP? – 

The test object model is a large set of object types or classes that Quick Test uses to represent the objects in your application. Each test object class has a list of properties that can uniquely identify objects of that class and a set of relevant methods that Quick Test can record for it. A test object is an object that Quick Test creates in the test or component to represent the actual object in your application. Quick Test stores information about the object that will help it identify and check the object during the run session.

    What is Object Spy in QTP? –

 Using the Object Spy, you can view the properties of any object in an open application. You use the Object Spy pointer to point to an object. The Object Spy displays the selected object’s hierarchy tree and its properties and values in the Properties tab of the Object Spy dialog box.

    What is the Diff between Image check-point and Bit map Check point? –

 Image checkpoints enable you to check the properties of a Web image. You can check an area of a Web page or application as a bitmap. While creating a test or component, you specify the area you want to check by selecting an object. You can check an entire object or any area within an object. Quick Test captures the specified object as a bitmap, and inserts a checkpoint in the test or component. You can also choose to save only the selected area of the object with your test or component in order to save disk Space. For example, suppose you have a Web site that can display a map of a city the user specifies. The map has control keys for zooming. You can record the new map that is displayed after one click on the control key that zooms in the map. Using the bitmap checkpoint, you can check that the map zooms in correctly. You can create bitmap checkpoints for all supported testing environments (as long as the appropriate add-ins are loaded). Note: The results of bitmap checkpoints may be affected by factors such as operating system, screen resolution, and color settings.

    How many ways we can parameterize data in QTP? – 

There are four types of parameters: Test, action or component parameters enable you to use values passed from your test or component, or values from other actions in your test. Data Table parameters enable you to create a data-driven test (or action) that runs several times using the data you supply. In each repetition, or iteration, Quick Test uses a different value from the Data Table. Environment variable parameters enable you to use variable values from other sources during the run session. These may be values you supply, or values that Quick Test generates for you based on conditions and options you choose. Random number parameters enable you to insert random numbers as values in your test or component. For example, to check how your application handles small and large ticket orders, you can have Quick Test generate a random number and insert it in a number of tickets edit field.

    How do u do batch testing in WR & is it possible to do in QTP, if so explain? – 

Batch Testing in WR is nothing but running the whole test set by selecting Run Test set from the Execution Grid. The same is possible with QTP also. If our test cases are automated then by selecting Run Test set all the test scripts can be executed. In this process the Scripts get executed one by one by keeping all the remaining scripts in Waiting mode.

    If I give some thousand tests to execute in 2 days what do u do? – 

Adhoc testing is done. It Covers the least basic functionalities to verify that the system is working fine.

    What does it mean when a check point is in red color? what do u do? –

A red color indicates failure. Here we analyze the cause for failure whether it is a Script Issue or Environment Issue or a Application issue.

    What is Object Spy in QTP? –

Using the Object Spy, you can view the properties of any object in an open application. You use the Object Spy pointer to point to an object. The Object Spy displays the selected object’s hierarchy tree and its properties and values in the Properties tab of the Object Spy dialog box.

    What is the file extension of the code file & object repository file in QTP? – 

Code file extension is.vbs and object repository is.tsr

    Explain the concept of object repository & how QTP recognizes objects? –

 Object Repository: displays a tree of all objects in the current component or in the current action or entire test (depending on the object repository mode you selected). We can view or modify the test object description of any test object in the repository or to add new objects to the repository. Quicktest learns the default property values and determines in which test object class it fits. If it is not enough it adds assistive properties, one by one to the description until it has compiled the unique description. If no assistive properties are available, then it adds a special Ordinal identifier such as objects location on the page or in the source code.

    What are the properties you would use for identifying a browser & page when using descriptive programming? – 

Name would be another property apart from title that we can use.

    Give me an example where you have used a COM interface in your QTP project? - com interface appears in the scenario of front end and back end. for eg:if you r using oracle as back end and front end as VB or any language then for better compatibility we will go for an interface. of which COM will be one among those interfaces. Create object creates handle to the instance of the specified object so that we program can use the methods on the specified object. It is used for implementing Automation(as defined by Microsoft).

    Explain in brief about the QTP Automation Object Model. –

 Essentially all configuration and run functionality provided via the Quick Test interface is in some way represented in the Quick Test automation object model via objects, methods, and properties. Although a one-on-one comparison cannot always be made, most dialog boxes in Quick Test have a corresponding automation object, most options in dialog boxes can be set and/or retrieved using the corresponding object property, and most menu commands and other operations have corresponding automation methods. You can use the objects, methods, and properties exposed by the Quick Test automation object model, along with standard programming elements such as loops and conditional statements to design your program.

    What is meant by Batch Testing?

Group of tests executing sequentially one by one is called Batch Testing. Batch Testing in WR is nothing but running the whole test set by selecting "Run Test set" from the "Execution Grid”. The same is possible with QTP also. If our test cases are automated then by selecting "Run Test set" all the test scripts can be executed. In this process the Scripts get executed one by one by keeping all the remaining scripts in "Waiting" mode.

When we need to run more than one test, one after another, we select to run the test in Batch Mode. It can be selected in settings in Win runner.

Batch Testing is "Sequential execution of test programs are called Batch Testing”. Generally Test engineers are executing test programs as a batches because "End state of one test is base state to another test". The Sequential execution more than one test case is called as Batch testing.

Every test Batch is consists of multiple dependent test cases. In those batches every end state is base state to next case .Test batch is also known as Test suit or Test belt. Batch Test will test the several tests one after the other until the all tests are completed without Interruption to the tester. When you are running the tests in batch mode, it will compress the systems messages, user sages, mismatches etc... Batch Test means tests the several tests one after the other without interruption to the tester. When you are running the tests in batch mode, it will compress the user messages, system messages, error messages, mismatches etc.

36 : How to handle dynamic objects in QTP?

Ans :ans 1 : QTP has a unique feature called Smart Object Identification/recognition. QTP generally identifies an object by matching its test object and run time object properties. QTP may fail to recognise the dynamic objects whose properties change during run time. Hence it has an option of enabling Smart Identification, wherein it can identify the objects even if their properties changes during run time.

 Check this out-

 If QuickTest is unable to find any object that matches the recorded object description, or if it finds more than one object that fits the description, then QuickTest ignores the recorded description, and uses the Smart Identification mechanism to try to identify the object. 

 While the Smart Identification mechanism is more complex, it is more flexible, and thus, if configured logically, a Smart Identification definition can probably help QuickTest identify an object, if it is present, even when the recorded description fails. 

 The Smart Identification mechanism uses two types of properties: 

 Base filter properties—The most fundamental properties of a particular test object class; those whose values cannot be changed without changing the essence of the original object. For example, if a Web link's tag was changed from to any other value, you could no longer call it the same object.

Optional filter properties—Other properties that can help identify objects of a particular class as they are unlikely to change on a regular basis, but which can be ignored if they are no longer applicable.

Ans 2 : i think thats not the answer.Using regular expressions u can solve this problem.

37 : What is a Run-Time Data Table? Where can I find and view this table?

Ans :ans 1 : In QTP, there is data table used , which is used at runtime.

-In QTP, select the option View->Data tabke.

-This is basically an excel file, which is stored in the folder of the test created, its name is Default.xls by default

Ans 2 : There could be 2 answers

1) It could be Global Data Sheet, wherein values can be stored/retrived only at runtime.

2) or it could be default data table created in the Script floder.

38 : How does Parameterization and Data-Driving relate to each other in QTP?

Ans : To datadrive we have to parameterize.i.e. we have to make the constant value as parameter, so that in each iteraration(cycle) it takes a value that is supplied in run-time datatable. Through parameterization only we can drive a transaction(action) with different sets of data. You know running the script with the same set of data several times is not suggestable, & it's also of no use.

39 : What is the difference between Call to Action and Copy Action.?

Ans : Call to Action : The changes made in Call to Action , will be reflected in the orginal action( from where the script is called).But where as in Copy Action , the changes made in the script ,will not effect the original script(Action)

Ans 2 : when u insert a call to action,they r read only in the calling test.It can be modified in the original test.where as come to copy action,you can make changes to the copied action,your changes will not effect the original action where it created

40 : Discuss QTP Environment.

Ans : QuickTest Pro environment using the graphical interface and ActiveScreen technologies - A testing process for creating test scripts, relating manual test requirements to automated verification features - Data driving to use several sets of data using one test script.

41 : Explain the concept of how QTP identifies object.

Ans : QTP uses the Object Repository file to recognize objects on the application. When QTP runs a action, it uses the Object Repository to locate objects. It reads an object’s description in the Object Repository and then looks for an object with the same properties in the application being tested

Ans 2 : During recording qtp looks at the object and stores it as test object.For each test object QT learns a set of default properties called mandatory properties,and look at the rest of the objects to check whether this properties are enough to uniquely identify the object.

During test run,QT searches for the run time obkects that matches with the test object it learned while recording

42 : Differentiate the two Object Repository Types of QTP.

Ans : 1)per action  2)shared

  Object repository is used to store all the objects in the application being tested.2 types of oject repositoy per action and shared.

In shared repository only one centralised repository for all the tests.

where as in per action.for each test a separate per action repostory is created.

43 : Explain what the difference between Shared Repository and Per_Action Repository

Ans : Shared Repository: Entire application uses one Object Repository , that similar to Global GUI Map file in WinRunner

Per Action: For each Action ,one Object Repository is created, like GUI map file per test in WinRunner

Ans 2 : In Shared reporsitory, one object is used in more than one actions and in per action reporsitory, everytime in every action, objects are stored differently and are not shared.

44 :  have you ever written a compiled module?

If yes tell me about some of the functions that you wrote.

Ans : I Used the functions for Capturing the dynamic data during runtime. Function used for Capturing Desktop, browser and pages.

45 Can you do more than just capture and playack?

Ans : I have done Dynamically capturing the objects during runtime in which no recording, no playback and no use of repository is done AT ALL.

-It was done by the windows scripting using the DOM(Document Object Model) of the windows.

Ans 2 : Yes you can do more than capture/playback.

Descriptive Programming is the answer to this question. We can write scripts without recording and it would still work fine.

45 How to do the scripting.  Is there any inbuilt functions in QTP as in QTP-S.  Whatz the difference between them?  how to handle script issues? 

Ans : Yes, there's an in-built functionality called "Step Generator" in Insert->Step->Step Generator -F7, which will generate the scripts as u enter the appropriate steps.

46  What is the difference between check point and output value.

Ans : Check point is a verification point that compares a current value for a specified property with the expected value for that property.

An output value is a value captured during the test run and entered in the run-time

An output value is a value captured during the test run and entered in the run-time

but to a specified location.

EX:-Location in Data Table[Global sheet / local sheet]